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Native American tribes
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Onondaga Tribe
How do you pronounce the word "Onondaga"? What does it mean?Where do the Onondagas live?Are the Onondaga Iroquois people? Iroquois flag | Yes, the Onondaga nation was one of the original members of the Iroquois League, or Kanonsionni in their own language ("league of clans.") The other member nations were the Mohawk, the Seneca, the Cayuga, and the Oneida. Later a sixth tribe, the Tuscarora, joined the confederacy. Today these long-term allies refer to themselves as the Haudenosaunee ("people of the longhouse") or Six Nations. |
How is the Onondaga Indian nation organized?What language do the Onondagas speak?What was Onondaga culture like in the past? What is it like now?How do Onondaga Indian children live, and what did they do in the past? Cornhusk doll | They do the same things any children do--play with each other, go to school and help around the house. Many Onondaga children like to go hunting and fishing with their fathers. In the past, Indian kids had more chores and less time to play, just like early colonial children. But they did have corn husk dolls, toys, and games, such as one game where kids tried to throw a dart through a moving hoop. Lacrosse was a popular sport among Onondaga boys as it was among adult men. Onondaga mothers, like many Native Americans, traditionally carried their babies in cradleboards on their backs--a custom which many American parents have adopted. |
What were men and women's roles in the Onondaga tribe?What were Onondaga homes like in the past? Iroquois longhouse sketch | The Onondaga people lived in villages of longhouses, which were large wood-frame buildings covered with sheets of elm bark. These longhouses were up to a hundred feet long, and each one housed an entire clan (as many as 60 people.) Here are some pictures of Iroquois long houses like the ones Onondaga Indians used, and a drawing of what a longhouse looked like on the inside. Today, longhouses are only used for ceremonial purposes. The Onondagas live in modern houses and apartment buildings, just like you. |
What was Onondaga clothing like? Did they wear feather headdresses and face paint? Onondaga headdress Onondaga boy |
Onondaga men wore breechcloths with leggings. Onondaga women wore wraparound skirts with shorter leggings.
Men did not originally wear shirts in Onondaga culture, but women often wore a long tunic called an
overdress.
The Onondagas usually wore deerskin moccasins on their feet.
In colonial times, the Onondaga tribe adapted European costume like cloth shirts and blouses, decorating
them with beadwork and ribbon applique. Here is a webpage
about traditional Iroquois dress, and here are some photographs
and links about American Indian clothes in general.
The Onondagas didn't wear long headdresses like the Sioux. Men wore traditional Iroquois headdresses, which were feathered caps with a different insignia for each tribe. (The Onondaga headdress has one eagle feather standing straight and one trailing behind.) Women sometimes wore beaded tiaras. In times of war, Onondaga men often shaved their heads except for a scalplock or a crest down the center of their head--the style known as a roach or "Mohawk." Sometimes they would augment this hairstyle with splayed feathers or artificial roaches made of brightly dyed porcupine hair. Onondaga women only cut their hair when they were in mourning. Otherwise they wore it long and loose or plaited into a long braid. Men sometimes decorated their faces and bodies with tribal tattoo art, but Onondaga women generally didn't paint or tattoo themselves. Today, some Onondagas still wear moccasins or a beaded shirt, but they wear modern clothes like jeans instead of breechcloths... and they only wear feathers in their hair on special occasions like a dance. |
What was Onondaga transportation like in the days before cars? Did they paddle canoes?  Iroquois snowshoes | Sometimes--the Onondaga Indians did use elm-bark or dugout canoes for fishing trips, but usually preferred to travel by land. Originally the Onondaga tribe used dogs as pack animals. (There were no horses in North America until colonists brought them over from Europe.) In wintertime, the Onondagas used laced snowshoes and sleds to travel through the snow. |
What was Onondaga food like in the days before supermarkets? Iroquois farmers | The Onondaga Indians were farming people. Onondaga women planted crops of corn, beans, and squash and harvested wild berries and herbs. Onondaga men hunted deer and elk and fished in the rivers and the shores of Lake Ontario. Onondaga Indian recipes included cornbread, soups, and stews, which they cooked on stone hearths. |
What were Onondaga weapons and tools like in the past? Iroquois war club |
Onondaga hunters used bows and arrows. Onondaga fishermen used spears and fishing poles.
In war, Onondaga men used their bows and arrows or fought with clubs, spears and shields.
Other important tools used by the Onondagas included stone adzes (hand axes for woodworking), flint knives for skinning animals, and wooden hoes for farming. The Onondagas and other Iroquois were skilled woodworkers, steaming wood so that it could be bent to make curved tools. Some Iroquois artisans still make lacrosse sticks this way today. |
What are Onondaga arts and crafts like?  Iroquois beadwork | The Onondaga and other Iroquois tribes were known for their carved masks, which are considered such a sacred art form that outsiders are still not permitted to view many of these masks. Beadwork and the more demanding porcupine quill work are more common Onondaga crafts. The Onondagas also crafted wampum out of white and purple shell beads. Wampum beads were traded as a kind of currency, but they were more culturally important as an art material. The designs and pictures on wampum belts often told a story or represented a person's family. |
What was Onondaga music like? Iroquois Water Drum | The two most important Onondaga instruments are drums and flutes. Iroquois drums were often filled with water to give them a distinctive sound different from the drums of other tribes. Most Onondaga music is very rhythmic and consists mostly of drumming and lively singing. Flutes were used to woo women in the Onondaga tribe. A young Onondaga man would play beautiful flute music outside his girlfriend's longhouse at night to show her he was thinking about her. |
What other Native Americans did the Onondaga tribe interact with?What kinds of stories do the Onondagas tell?What about Onondaga religion?Can you recommend a good book for me to read?How do I cite your website in my bibliography?
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