Native American Facts For Kids was written for young people learning about the Shawnees for school or home-schooling reports. We encourage students
and teachers to look through our main Shawnee language
and culture pages for in-depth information,
but here are our answers to the questions we are most often asked by children, with
Shawnee pictures and links we believe are suitable for all ages.
How do you pronounce "Shawnee?" What does it mean? It's pronounced "shaw-NEE."
It comes from the Shawnee word shawanwa, which means "southerner."
Where do the Shawnees live? The original Shawnee
home land was in Ohio,
Kentucky, and
Indiana. But the Shawnees were far-ranging people.
Shawnee villages were located as far north as New York state and as far south as Georgia.
Here is a map showing Shawnee and other Indian migrations.
Today, most Shawnees live in Oklahoma, where they were deported by the US government.
How is the Shawnee Indian nation organized?
There are three Shawnee bands in Oklahoma.
Like most Native American tribes, the Shawnee Indian tribes are autonomous. That means each tribe has its own government, laws,
police, and services, just like a small country. However, the Shawnee are also US citizens and must obey American law.
What language do the Shawnees speak?
Shawnee Indians all speak English today. Some elders also speak their native Shawnee language,
which is songlike and has complicated verbs with many parts. If you'd like to know a few easy Shawnee words,
"bezon" (pronounced bay-zone) is a friendly greeting and "neahw" (pronounced nay-aw) means "thank you."
You can listen to Shawnee being spoken here
and read a Shawnee picture glossary here.
Today Shawnee is an endangered language because most children aren't learning it anymore.
However, some Shawnee people are working to keep their language alive.
What was Shawnee culture like in the past and today?
Here are the home pages of the Absentee Shawnee and
Eastern Shawnee tribes, where you can learn about the Shawnee people past and present. You can also read
simple articles about the Shawnee Indians here and
here.
How do Shawnee Indian children live? They
do the same things any children do--play with each other, go to school and help around the house. In the past, Shawnee kids had more chores
and less time to play, just like early colonial children. But Shawnee children did have dolls,
toys and games, like miniature bows
and arrows and hand-held ball games. Like many Native Americans, Shawnee mothers traditionally carried their babies in
cradleboards
on their backs--a custom which many American parents have
adopted now.
What were men and women's roles in the Shawnee tribe?
Shawnee men were hunters and sometimes went to war to protect their families. Shawnee women were farmers and also did child care and cooking.
Both genders took part in storytelling, artwork and music, and traditional medicine. In the past, Shawnee leaders were always men, but today a Shawnee woman
can be a leader too.
What were Shawnee homes like? The Shawnees didn't live in tepees. They lived in
small round dwellings called wikkums, or wigwams.
Here are some pictures of American Indian wigwams like
the ones Shawnee Indians used.
Each Shawnee village also included a larger council house built from wood.
Today, Native Americans only build a wigwam for fun or to connect with their heritage, not for shelter. Most Shawnees live in modern houses and
apartment buildings, just like you.
What was Shawnee clothing like? Did they wear feather headdresses and face paint?
Shawnee women wore skirts with leggings. Shawnee men wore breechclouts and leggings.
Shirts were not necessary in the Shawnee culture, but both men and women often wore ponchos in cool weather.
The Shawnees wore moccasins on their feet.
As they migrated from place to place, the Shawnees adopted clothing styles from many other Indian tribes and
from white settlers as well. Here is a picture of Shawnee
Indian clothing, and photos and links
about American Indian dress in general.
The Shawnees didn't wear long headdresses like the
Sioux. Sometimes they wore a beaded headband with a feather
or two in it. Shawnee people usually wore their hair long, though Shawnee warriors sometimes
shaved their heads in the Mohawk style.
Many Shawnees painted designs onto their faces, and some wore tribal tattoos.
Today, some Shawnee people still have a traditional headband or moccasins, but they wear modern clothes like jeans instead
of breechcloths... and they only wear feathers in their hair on special occasions like a dance.
What was Shawnee transportation like? Did they paddle canoes?
Yes, the Shawnees made dugout canoes by hollowing out large trees. Over land, the Shawnee tribe used dogs as pack animals.
(There were no horses in North America until colonists brought them over from Europe.) Today, of course, Shawnee people also use cars... and non-native people also use canoes.
What was Shawnee food like in the days before supermarkets?
The Shawnees were farming people. Shawnee women planted and harvested corn and squash. Shawnee men hunted
for deer, turkeys, and small game and went fishing in the rivers. Shawnee Indian food included soup, cornbread, and stews.
What were Shawnee Indian weapons, tools and artifacts like?
Shawnee hunters and warriors used bows and arrows, tomahawks, and spears. Shawnee fisherman used spears and nets.
What are Shawnee art and crafts like?
The Shawnee tribe is known for their
beadwork,
pottery, and
wood carving.
Like other eastern American Indians, the Shawnee also crafted wampum out of white and purple shell beads. Wampum beads were
traded as a kind of currency, but they were more culturally important as an art material. The
designs and pictures on wampum belts often told a story or represented a
person's family.
What other Native Americans did the Shawnee tribe interact with?
The Shawnee were a very far-ranging tribe, so they interacted with many different nations. Further to the north, the Shawnees were allies
of the Delaware Indians and enemies of the
Iroquois tribes. Further to the south, the most important
neighbors of the Shawnee tribe were the Cherokee,
Chickasaw, and
Creek Indians. Sometimes the Shawnees traded with these
tribes, and other times they fought them.
What kinds of stories do the Shawnees tell?
There are lots of traditional Shawnee legends and fairy tales. Storytelling is very important to the
Shawnee Indian culture. Here is one well-known tale about a Shawnee man who married
a sky daughter.
What about Shawnee religion?
Religions are too complicated and culturally sensitive to describe appropriately
in only a few simple sentences, and we strongly want to avoid misleading anybody. Here are links to learn more about
Shawnee mythology or this site about
Indian religion in general.
Can you recommend a good book for me to read?
If you want to know more about Shawnee culture and history,
two interesting sources for kids are Shawnee Indians and
The Shawnee. A more thorough history of the Shawnees
for teenagers or adults is The Shawnee Indians by Randolph Noe.
You could also read a biography of Tecumseh, like
Tecumseh: Shawnee Leader (for younger kids) or
Tecumseh: A Life (for older kids). A more exciting read
may be Panther in the Sky, a historical fiction novel that follows
Tecumseh's life closely.
You can also browse through our recommendations of Native American books in general.
How do I cite your website in my bibliography?
You will need to ask your teacher for the format he or she wants you to use. Our names are Laura Redish and
Orrin Lewis. The site was first created in 1998 and last updated in 2007.
Thanks for your interest in the Shawnee Indian people and their language!
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